Cataract surgery
Removing lens epithelial cells during cataract surgery by polishing the anterior and posterior capsule is worth the effort.
Lens Epithelial Cell Removal in Routine Phacoemulsification: Is It Worth the Bother?
American Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 239, 1-10
Cataract surgery with IOL implantation is recommended ≥6 months after pterygium surgery. If cannot wait 6 months, reduce IOL power by 0.5 D for horizontal pterygium length of 1.73 - 2.24 mm, by 1 D for 2.25 - 2.75 mm, and by 1.5 D for 2.76 - 3.27 mm.
Intraocular Lens Power and Corneal Topographic Change After Pterygium Surgery
American Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2025
Easy tool to optimize IOL constants. https://ioloptimization.com/calculator
A novel method to optimize personal IOL constants
American Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2025
Glaucoma
120 degrees goniotomy gives similar IOP reduction as 360 degrees goniotomy.
Outcomes of Partial Versus Complete Goniotomy With or Without Phacoemulsification for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study
Journal of Glaucoma. 2023 July
In individuals with asymmetric axial lengths, the longer eye had worse glaucoma.
Assessing Glaucoma Severity and Progression in Individuals with Asymmetric Axial Length
Ophthalmology. 2025 Jan;132(1):39-51
High blood pressure and increased variability of blood pressure were associated with faster visual field progression. Another study found Low blood pressure was associated with visual field progression.
Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma
Relationship between Blood Pressure and Rates of Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression
Ophthalmology. 2025 Jan;132(1):30-38
Calcium channel blockers are associated with glaucoma and with thinner RNFL/GCL thicknesses.
Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Associated Glaucoma and Related Traits Among UK Biobank Participants
Psychological stress raises IOP.
Psychological Stress and Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Ophthalmology.Glaucoma Issue 6, p518-530,November-December, 2024
OCT imaging of ganglion cell complex (GCC) is optimal way to measure macular progression in moderate to severe glaucoma.
Gangion Cell Complex: The Optimal Measure for Detection of Structural Progression in the Macula
American Journal of Ophthalmology, May 2022
Larger radial and angular extents of beta-zone parapapillary atrophy were associated with more glaucomatous progression.
Can Baseline Parapapillary Atrophy Morphology Predict Future Glaucoma Progression? - An OCT Glaucoma Imaging Study
American Journal of Ophthalmology. Nov 2024, 19-29
High salt intake is associated with higher IOP.
The Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion with Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population
Ophthalmology Glaucoma, Sept Oct 2024
Use the 24-2C SITA Faster test to detect mild stage glaucoma with central visual field defects.
Comparative Analysis of 24-2C, 24-2, and 10-2 Visual Field Tests for Detecting Mild-Stage Glaucoma With Central Visual field Defects
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2024
Brimonidine does not lower IOP during sleep/nocturnal period.
Diurnal and Nocturnal Effects of Brimonidine Monotherapy on Intraocular Pressure
Timolol does not lower IOP during the nocturnal period. Latanoprost does.
Comparison of the nocturnal effects of once-daily timolol and latanoprost on intraocular pressure
American Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 2004
Brinzolamide and Dorzolamide do lower IOP during the nocturnal period.
Comparing Diurnal and Nocturnal Effects of Brinzolamide and Timolol on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Receiving Latanoprost Monotherapy
The Effect of Latanoprost, Brimonidine, and a Fixed Combination of Timolol and Dorzolamide on Circadian Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
Punctal plugs improve efficacy of topical glaucoma medication. Lowers IOP by additional 1.3 mmHg.
Punctal occlusion and topical medications for glaucoma
Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Feb 15;107(2):151-5.
Uveitis
Retinal vasculitis is primary inflammation of the retinal vasculature that affects the blood-retinal barrier. Retinal vasculopathy is leakage or occlusions in the context of intraocular inflammation.
Defining Retinal Vasculitis
American Journal of Ophthalmology. Nov 2024, 84-89
Half of acute anterior uveitis patients will get recurrence in the same eye and one quarter will get recurrence in the contralateral eye.
Risk of Recurrence in Acute Anterior Uveitis
In phakic patients with chronic uveitis, aim for less than 2 drops per day of topical steroid to minimize the risk of cataract.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Cataract in Anterior Uveitis
Am J Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 5;254:221–232.
Half of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) patients get uveitis, most often 2 weeks after rash onset. One quarter will develop a recurrence of uveitis within 6 years. Consider 1 gram of valacyclovir daily to reduce the recurrence risk.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus uveitis: onset and complications
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Recurrence: Risk Factors and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2024
Low-Dose Valacyclovir in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Development of antibodies to adalimumab (Humira) can limit treatment response. Increasing the dose and adding methotrexate or another cDMARD can help improve the treatment response.
Adalimumab Drug Monitoring and Treatment Adjustment to Drug Antibodies in Noninfectious Uveitis
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2024
Other topics
Laughter can help with dry eye symptoms.
Effect of laughter exercise versus 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid on ocular surface discomfort in dry eye disease: non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
American Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2025
Simple temporary tarsorrhaphy technique using medical one inch plastic tape
Tape Splint Tarsorrhaphy for Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects
American Journal of Ophthalmology. May 2022, 235-240
Oral analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) help reduce pain sensitivity during PRP laser.
A comprehensive meta-analysis on the role of analgesics and anti-inflammatories in Pan-Retinal Photoocoagulation
American Journal of Ophthalmology. Nov 2024, 112-121